Few Animal Studies Have Proved That Gabapentin Has A...

Few animal studies have proved that gabapentin has a potential to activate a serotonin receptor (5HT3) at the spinal level and also attenuate the function of microglial cells[6]. In some parts of the brain such as periaqueductal grey (PAG) and anterior cingulated cortex, gabapentin has been shown to elevate the level of GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, which might serve as an explanation of its’ efficacy in partial management of seizure[14]. Although gabapentin is approved to be used as an add-on treatment of focal epilepsies in 6 years and older patients and as monotherapy in patients older than 12 years of age, it seems to show no efficacy when used in a management of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, generalized absence†¦show more content†¦Due to an effect of gabapentin at the level of hypothalamus to regulate the temperature, it can also be used as an effective non-hormonal therapy for hot flashes, a bothersome problem of menopause. It is shown to be more efficacy if used in patients with hot flashes that associated with sleep interference [17]. Study shows that a bioavailability of gabapentin is low and it is dose-dependent. T he bioavailability of 300 mg is around 60% and decreasing to less than 30% if the dosage is 1600 mg 3 times a day [4; 11]. It has low protein binding property and it is eliminated unchanged in the urine, which means it will not change into toxic metabolite or intermediate that can be harmful to the body. Gabapentin has a short half life of 5 to 9 hours, but with renal impairment, it will increase[4]. A dose adjustment is required in patient who has creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min and in the elderly because of reduced renal function that has been thought to be decreased around 1% per year after the age of 40[4; 16]. A number needed to treat (NNT) of gabapentin is 6.3 and its number needed to harm (NNH) is 25.6, therefore it is considered a safe drug [6]. The ceiling effect has been reported to be 100 mg/kg in one study and 30-300 mg/kg in another study following oral administration [13]. The pharmacokinetic of absorption of gabapentin is not linear unlike other newer anti-seizure m edications. The explanation for this event is because gabapentin absorption depends on

My Stranger Experience By Dr. John Howard, At The Dinah...

For my Stranger Experience, I went to a lecture called â€Å"Picturing Queer Souths†, which was taught by Dr. John Howard, at the Dinah Washington Cultural Arts Center. He is a professor at King’s College in London, and he is also a University of Alabama alumnus. During this lecture, he discussed the different aspects of LGBT photography and how sexuality can be expressed through that medium, whether there are members of the community physically present in that photographs or not. There was a specific focus on southern photographers that are members of the LGBT community, not only in the American South, but also in relatively â€Å"southern† parts of the world, like South Africa for example. Through his lecture, Dr. Howard explored the idea that†¦show more content†¦The experience of attending the lecture was incredibly interesting to me. Personally, I identify as a heterosexual woman, so this was actually the first time I ever visited a place that was f ocused on LGBT life experiences and art. Interestingly enough, although the space was not necessarily queer exclusive, I believe that a majority of the attendees were members of the queer community. This led to several questions after the lecture pertaining to personal experiences from members of the community and how they related to the lecture that was shared. I think that one of the aspects of strangeness I experienced was the fact that I did not feel comfortable asking a question that I had at the end of the lecture. There was nothing necessarily telling me that I could not ask a question, in fact, it was encouraged for the most part. I simply felt like I was in a space that was specifically for queer people and that it was not my place to speak up, since I typically have the privilege of having my voice heard daily. Another aspect that felt strange to me was the overt sexuality of many of the photographs that were shown. I grew up in a very conservative Christian household, where I was taught that sexuality was something that was private and sex itself was reserved for married couples. Many of the photos shown during Dr. Howard’s lecture showed partial or complete nudity, or were candid photos of LGBT couples participating in sex acts. This was

Being a Man Free Essays

Being a Man in the male perspective may be projected with ease as it seems, however, masculinity or the concept of being a man in a strict sense is a trait that has an offending nature. Much of this can be attributed to the fact that the social conditions throughout history suggest that men are commonly compelled to show their masculinity in every domain of endeavor. As such, the framework from where the concept of manliness is based has created an almost irreversible plague that has gone hand in hand with history. We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now Manly concepts belittle the core of their female counterparts due to the fact that the masculinity rouses a sense of self-glorification. In sports, in all fields of life, men have become triumphant at the expense of women. This is because of how boys are bred and raised to become â€Å"men† (Theroux 411), up and coming men become totally obsessed with the idea of proving their manhood through their chosen field. Therefore, the enthusiastic individual will do what he deems necessary to achieve such goal. Femininity plays a vital role in belittling their sexuality because of the female species’ vane nature and alertness to man’s inadequacy (Theroux 411). Alfonsina Storni’s blatant aversion to manliness appears to be a of how manliness is being glorified objectively over and over. It is a good argument that men and women are equal beings each with distinct qualities, and given the distinction, it is also plausible to think that both genders have their set of issues to deal with. However, social constructs, media presentations, and cultures across the world suggest that the nature of manhood demean women in every way. Superhero archetypes for instance are all modeled after men, the earliest superhero characters Superman and Batman are patterned to the typical male image. Likewise, other heroes such as Supergirl and Batgirl are female characters influenced by male characters. Masculinity is not a written law obliging every male person to conform to society’s traditional standards. However collective social opinion backed by media sensationalizing and cultural practice dictates the concept of manhood. Furthermore, the dictated solidarity in the concept of being a man eliminates the concept of individuality and the true precept of manliness. Works Cited Theroux, Paul. Being a Man. Reading and Writing about Gender in The World is a Text: The Writing, Reading, and Thinking About Culture and Its Contexts (2nd Edition). by How to cite Being a Man, Papers

Discussion Questions Ashton Kozlik free essay sample

If the jury of Jefferson trial was made up of both whites and blacks, how wow Id it change the outcome Of the trial? What other factors wouldve played into the discussion and decision of pleading Jefferson guilty or maybe even innocent? Answer : In the time that this book took place, there was a lot of discrimination and segregation occurring between blacks and whites, which made this trial very b as.In this case, there were no people in the jury that were on Jefferson side not because e he was wrong, but because of his skin color. If there were people in the jury who were e black, they would argue testosterone was just an innocent bystander who was seen at t he wrong place and at the wrong time. He was just under stress so he drank and took money so that he could get something to eat. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion Questions Ashton Kozlik or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The result of the trial would have been different if there were blacks in the jury. 2. If Jefferson attorney had not called Jefferson a hog, do you think that the j our would have put some more thought into theyre decision?Did calling Jefferson a hog make it easier for the jury to see that he is a ghostwriting black and that his death would be no different from an animals? I dont think that there would be a different outcome in the trial since they did dont see anything else in him than a black man who should get executed because of hi s skin color. Also, they didnt base their opinion in deciding which way the trial would go b eased on Jefferson side of it so calling him a hog didnt change which way the trial wow Divide went. . How do you think the influences of racism affect Grant as a man and how he sees himself in society? Do you think fifths book took place in an equal society that Grant would feel more comfortable to let people see him for the man he really is? In my opinion I am not really sure about this but I do know that Grant hates t he fact that he is seen lower than others because he is black. In the book he does go visit his parents in California, but the racial factor bothers him greatly 4.Do you think Gaines uses the character of Vivian to take the readers minds off of Jefferson and his struggle, or he just uses Vivian to show something that makes Grant h pappy and that he found a girl in his life that he really loves? Answer : I think that Vivian is used as a character to show happiness in Grants life. Throughout most of the book he is upset about being discriminated and trying to help Jefferson who is just making him more upset since he isnt cooperating. Vivian makes Grant happy and he wants to be with her so I think she is used to make Grant happy 5.Does it seem that Gaines made Jefferson attorney call him a hog to just try y and help him in trial, or so that it is used to show a theme in the book and so that the lesson n learned before dying is to die like a man? : I think that the whole theme throughout the book is for Jefferson to learn ho W to die like a man, and it confuses why Gaines didnt make the book through Jefferson nos point of IEEE, but the fact that he uses a hog in the beginning helps shape a strong he me throughout the book. 6.Why does Gaines include a chapter where he shows the reader Jefferson t Houghton from his journal that Grant got him? Do you think it is a way to show the reader ho w Jefferson is learning his Lesson Before Dying? : I dont really know the answer to this question, but this chapter showed a lot of Jefferson thoughts and I think as the book goes on and Grant tries to teach J offers, Jefferson sta rts to learn more and more. This is then showed in his thoughts a ND it helps us see how Jefferson becomes a man and learns his lesson.