Implications of Alcohol Abuse

Implications of Alcohol Abuse There are hundreds of car accidents and drinking related deaths every year due to irresponsible drinking. Many countries around the world face this problem with an abuse of alcohol. Alcohol in the hands of younger people may be a disaster, causing increasing crime related activity and harm, but the other hand is a more mature drinking age forcing delinquents to do illegal activities to obtain booze and drink more irresponsibly? These are questions that need to be answered through a research study in order to decrease the negativity associated with alcohol. The research will take place through the FIU library, Cypress Bay library and other various libraries using ebook references, providing statistics about consumption and its crimes. The purpose of this study is to find out which drinking age seems to be more appropriate for consumption which compares drinking ages among different countries to the negative consequences associated with them. The independent variable will be defined as the various ages of consumption among different countries. The dependent variable will be defined generally as the negative impacts of alcohol consumption, and the intervening variables are using the same age group, which will be 16 to 24, throughout the research study. I will be conducting a literature review to complete my study, which will involve me analyzing previous data collected and analyzing what that data means. I will analyze graphs about amount of alcohol consumed and alcohol related car accidents to find a correlation among the data and conclude what age is safer. Due to different cultures and environments, it may be difficult to include this factors into the study, as these factors will affect the validity of my findings. I conduct this study in the hopes it will further educate government officials to the importance of finding the right age of consumption in order to reduce fatalities and crimes, not only in the US but all around the world. This study will hopefully further the knowledge of potential dangers due to age restrictions to the general public. When concerning the United States, there seems to be statistical evidence that increasing the drinking age in 1984 has improved overall well being of people. During the 20th century, MLDA laws were drastically altered in the United States. Beginning in July 1988, the standard drinking age has been 21 throughout all of the United States. According to Surveys regarding alcohol consumption amongst high schoolers and young adults, drinking has declined since the 1970s, and the decline spiked in the early 90s. Looking at drivers that were killed between the ages 16 to 20, percentages with positive BACs went down from 61% in 1982 to 31% in 1995. Many studies conducted that analyzed the effects of drinking age changes revealed that an MLDA of 21 reduced alcohol consumption, alcohol abuse, drinking and driving, and alcohol related car accidents among youths. Still there is much underage drinking that still goes on, but increased enforcement of drinking age laws can limit underage drinking. R ecent attempts to lower drinking age to 18 and use alcohol education as a means of condemning misuse of alcohol have proven to show no evidence that education programs can have any effect on people, compared to the effect that the MLDA-21 has on people[1]. In regards to driving concerns, studies strongly suggest reducing the drinking age to 18 will dramatically increase driving under the influence and alcohol related car accidents resulting in death. One of the most favorable advantages of increasing the drinking age requirement was to reduce car accidents. When analyzing drivers between the ages of 16 and 20 years, the percentage testing for positive BACs went down from 61 in 1982, all the way to 31 in 1995. In a 1975 study, it showed that reducing the consumption age to 18 in two U.S. states and a Canadian province increased deadly crashes among individuals below 21 years old, juxtaposed with contiguous states where drinking ages werent altered. A 2001 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that gathered the results of 33 studies reported 10 to 16 percent differences in end results for drivers 18-20 years old in alcohol related accidents. Amount of accidents went up when drinking ages were dropped and declined whe n ages went up. The impacts were unfluctuating during follow-up time periods ranging from 7 months to years. According to national roadside breath surveys, people driving at night on the weekends show an estimated 74% fall in blood alcohol concentrations of 0.05 percent or more when looking at individuals below the age of 21 during the period of 1973 to 1996. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration agrees that drinking age requirements should remain the same, stating earlier this year that adopting 21 policies in all states has saved more than 26,000 lives since the mid-1970s, including 4,441 lives amid the past 5 years. This finding is based on studies that found an average reduction of 13 percent in deadly crashes involving drivers 18-20 years old when drinking ages were increased. On the other hand, studies published by the Institute and others in 1983 found reductions in crashes regarding young drivers who were impacted by states going back to the age of 21. Many stud ies since then confirms the lifesaving benefits of 21 as the minimum drinking age. For example, in 1999 New Zealand reduced the consumption age from 20 to 18. A study that was published during 2006 revealed that accident injury rates among 18-19 year old men were 12 percent higher than expected after the policy was altered, based on comparisons with 20-24 year olds. The respective increase was even bigger for 18-19 year old females, at 51 percent, and higher injury rates also were seen for 15-17 year olds[2]. The MLDA or Minimum Legal Drinking age laws state the age at which a person can legally purchase and consume alcohol. The current MLDA in the United States is 21 years of age, however prior to the National Minimum Drinking Act of 1984, the legal drinking age varied from state to state. After every state acquired an age 21 MLDA, alcohol consumption during the prior month declined among individuals ages 18 to 20 from 59 percent in 1985 to 40 percent in 1991. Drinking declined dramatically for people ages 21 to 25 after the states adopted the age 21 MLDA, going from 70 percent in 1985 to 56 in 91. States that increased their legal drinking age to 21 saw a 16 % average decrease in car accidents. The chances for dropping out of high school were 13 times greater for states with a legal age of 18 in comparison with states with an age of 21[3]. The drinking age limit is based on research that reveals that young people act differently to alcohol than adults do. Teens get drunk twice as fast as adults do and do not know their limits of when to stop. Teens instinctively overdo drinking and binge more than adul ts do. By enforcing the drinking age of 21, it reduces car accidents, protects youths maturing brain from being negatively affected, and keeps younger people safer overall. Back when states had a lower legal drinking age in the U.S., the underage drinking problem was worse. Prior to the enactment of the MLDA of 21 in all states, underage age intoxicated drivers were involved in over twice as many fatal crashes as today. Although some may argue that since Europe has a lower drinking age they appear to be far better off than the United States. However, Studies show that Europe has worse problems in regards to drinking alcohol; Compared to America, Europe has more underage drinking, sexual abuse, injuries and problems in school due to alcohol. Due to easier access to alcohol in Europe, it increases the proportion of youths who drink alcohol in Europe[4]. Contrasted and an extensive variety of different projects and endeavors to lessen drinking among youngsters, expanding the legitimate age for buy and utilization of liquor to 21 seems to have been the best push to date (contrast examines condensed in Table I and studies refered to in surveys of other avoidance endeavors, for example, Moskowitz [1989] and Gorman and Speer [1996]). The extent of impacts of t he age-21 arrangement may seem little, especially in studies utilizing frail research plans and having low levels of measurable power. Be that as it may, even unassuming impacts connected to the whole populace of youth result in vast societal advantages. For instance, the National Highway Traffic Security Administration, utilizing a normal evaluated lessening in movement fatalities because of the legitimate drinking time of 13%, ascertains that the age-21 strategy averted 846 passings in 1997 and kept an aggregate of 17,359 passings since 1975 (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1998). An expansive extent of investigations of the MLDA found a factually critical, converse relationship between the MLDA and liquor utilization and liquor related issues (48% of the higher quality reviews). Just a modest number of studies found a measurably huge, positive relationship between the MLDA and different results (1% of the higher quality reviews). Countless found no measurably noteworthy relationship. Notwithstanding contrasts in nature of research plan and examinations, a few different components may represent changeability in results over considers, including size of test and degree of progress in strategy. The ability to identify a factually huge impact is straightforwardly affected by the span of the example. In a few states, the MLDA was raised just 1 year, from age 20 to age 21; in different states it was raised from age 18 to 21. Investigations of strategy changes that influence littler fragments of the populace might be less inclined to identify impacts just due to lessened factual power while examining less information. Given potential plan and investigation constraints in any single review, the huge extent of MLDA studies that found a huge backwards association with different results gives solid support for the adequacy of the MLDA. It is hard to gauge precisely the impacts of the drinking age particularly on undergrads. Tragically, most reviews concentrating on undergrads have been based on weaker cross-sectional outlines or constrained nonprobability tests. Just 9% of the school particular reviews (6 of 64) utilized a higher quality research plan. Of these higher quality thinks about, none found a factually huge opposite relationship between the MLDA and utilization or liquor related issues. Moreover, of these 6 investigations, 4 incorporated an example of understudies at just a single college. Despite the fact that it is conceivable that the age-21 strategy has been less successful on school grounds than among the general youth populace, existing exploration plainly does not propose that the age -21 MLDA has expanded issues among school understudies. In any case, more reviews that utilization powerful research plans would be expected to evaluate precisely the impact of the MLDA particularly on school grounds. Also, investigations of potential intervening elements on grounds are too required. For instance, how well are MLDA laws upheld on school grounds? How effortlessly can underage understudies get liquor close by grounds? In the event that one accept that the MLDA is less viable on school grounds, maybe it is because of careless requirement and especially simple access to liquor by underage youth in such settings. At long last, regardless of advance in late decades, generally youth keep on having access to liquor, most drink at any rate once in a while, whats more, a significant part routinely get to be distinctly inebriated. The social expenses from wounds, passings and harm related with underage drinking stay high. The advantages of the lawful drinking age of 21 have happened with almost no dynamic authorization in many ranges. Just by expanding implementation levels and discouraging grown-ups from offering on the other hand giving liquor to minors, significantly more wounds and passi ngs identified with liquor use among youth are probably going to be kept every year[5]. On the Contrary, lowering the age might not be a bad idea also, considering the limited impact that raising the legal age has on society and its individuals. Raising the MLDA does not stop underage people from consuming alcohol. Implementing a higher drinking age forces underage consumers to drink in secrecy and, in adolescents cases, without adult supervision from their elders. Roughly 90% of the drinking done by people between 18 to 20 years old is done in an irresponsible manner, that being binge drinking. Lowering the MLDA to 18 would allow for parents to teach their children how to drink responsibly, as opposed to drinking in private and being exposed to unsafe drinking habits. In the United States, a person is legally considered an adult at 18, making them liable for their own being and the choices that they make. If an adult is allowed to handle all the responsibilities and decisions for themselves such as entering the armed forces, voting, marrying, and even serving the jury, it is irrational for a so called adult not to be able to make the conscious and responsible decision for themselves to consume alcohol[7]. The legitimate drinking age ought to be brought down to around 18 or 19 and youthful grown-ups permitted to drink in controlled situations, for example, eateries, bars, bars and authority school and college capacities. In these circumstances capable drinking could be instructed through part displaying and instructive projects. Develop and sensible drinking conduct would be normal. This feeling is based upon research that I have been included in for more than a quarter century school age youth and the historical backdrop of savoring the United States and different societies. In spite of the fact that the lawful buy age is 21 years old, a larger part of understudies under this age devour liquor yet in a reckless way. This is on the grounds that drinking by these young is viewed as a tempting illegal natural product, an identification of insubordination to expert and an image of adulthood. As a country we have attempted preclusion enactment twice in the past for controlling flippant dri nking issues. This was amid National Prohibition in the 1920s and state disallowance amid the 1850s. These laws were at long last canceled in light of the fact that they were unenforceable and on the grounds that the reaction towards them brought about other social issues. Today we are rehashing history and committing similar errors that happened previously. Restriction did not work then and disallowance for youngsters less than 21 years old is not working at this point.The displaying of the present laws is promptly observed among college understudies. Those less than 21 years old will probably be overwhelming here and there called orgy consumers (devouring more than 5 drinks in any event once per week). For instance, 22% of all understudies under 21 contrasted with 18% more than 21 years old are substantial consumers. Among consumers just, 32% of under age contrasted with 24% of legitimate age are substantial consumers. Explore from the mid 1980s until the present has demonstrated a ceaseless abatement in drinking and driving related factors which has parallel the nations, and furthermore college understudies, diminish in per capita utilization. Be that as it may, these decreases began in 1980 under the steady gaze of the national 1987 law which com manded states to have 21 year old liquor buy laws. The reduction in drinking and driving issues are the aftereffect of many variables and not only the ascent in buy age or the diminished per capita utilization. These include: training concerning tipsy driving, assigned driver programs, expanded safety belt and air sack utilization, more secure vehicles, bring down speed limits, free taxi administrations from drinking foundations, and so forth.While there has been an abatement in per capita utilization and engine vehicle crashes, sadly, amid this same day and age there has been an INCREASE in different issues identified with overwhelming and flighty drinking among school age youth. The greater part of these announced practices indicated little change until AFTER the 21 year old law in 1987. For instance from 1982 until 1987 around 46% of understudies revealed retching subsequent to drinking. This hopped to more than half after the law change. Noteworthy increment were likewise found for different factors: playing hooky in the wake of drinking hopped from 9% to very nearly 12%; missing class due to aftereffect went from 26% to 28%; getting lower review due to drinking ascended from 5% to 7%; and been in a battle in the wake of drinking expanded from 12% to 17%. These practices are files of unreliable drinking. This expansion in harsh drinking conduct is because of underground drinking outside of grown-up supervision in understudy rooms and lofts were same age people gather and due to absence of learning of dependable drinking practices. Based upon the way that our present preclusion laws are not working, the requirement for option comes closer from the experience of other, and more antiquated societies, who dont have these issues should be attempted. Gatherings, for example, Italians, Greeks, Chinese and Jews, who have few drinking related issues, tend to share some normal qualities. Liquor is neither seen as a toxic substance or an enchantment intense, there is next to zero social weight to drink, flighty conduct is never endured, youngsters take in at home from their folks and from different grown-ups how to deal with liquor in a capable way, there is societal accord on what constitutes capable drinking. Since the 21 year old drinking age law is not working, and is counterproductive, it profits us as a country to change our present restriction law and to educate capable drinking systems for the individuals who expended mixed refreshments[8]. On April 14, 1982, President Reagan set up the Presidential Commission Against Drunk Driving (PCDD). This commission built up 39 suggestions to control what was seen to be a plastered driving pandemic. Taken together, the 39 proposals were expected to be far reaching approach with an object ive of lessening the quantity of liquor related passings on the countrys roadways. Proposal number eight concerned the Minimum Legal Purchasing Age, and said that all states ought to raise their drinking age to 21, keeping in mind that they lose a specific rate of government roadway dollars. In spite of the fact that the objective of the Commissions proposals was planned to be inebriated driving over the grown-up populace, the unbalanced measure of consideration paid to building up 21 as the national least drinking age moved the countrys concentration to youngsters drinking. Select enthusiasm for raising the drinking age underestimated the impact of the rest of the 38 proposals, among them recommendations to execute youth instruction programs, build up an enormous open data crusade, and to expand punishments for indicted plastered drivers. Regarding liquor hindered driving and related fatalities, a current NHTSA concentrate that looked at DUI laws in the United States to those in pr actically identical countries, for example, the European Union States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Brazil, found that the United States had the most noteworthy extent of activity fatalities that were liquor related among the 12 nations detailing information. A similar review found that the United States has the most elevated lawful BAC confine for hindered driving-.10 at the season of production (2000)- and generally careless requirement when contrasted with countries like Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, and Spain where obligatory irregular breath testing and temperance checkpoints were accounted for to be visit and common. The legitimate drinking age of all nations in the report was 18, with Japan and Canada being the main special cases. Japan sets 20 as its legitimate farthest point, while the lawful savoring age Canada is 19 in all areas aside from Alberta, Quebec, and Manitoba, where individuals can drink legitimately at age 18. In both the here and now and the long haul, liquor impacts the juvenile mind in courses not quite the same as the grown-up cerebrum. Puberty, extensively characterized as the second decade of life, neurologically stretches out until the age of 25. In a condition of liquor hindrance (here and now impacts), the immature cerebrum is debilitated in routes like the grown-up mind however to contrasting degrees. In different creature explores, the immature mind demonstrates more prominent liquor prompted weakness of memory recovery and engraving abilities than the grown-up cerebrum. This is to state that the immature mind is more regrettable at recollecting things while intoxicated, and recalling things that happened while tipsy. Contrastingly, the pre-adult mind is less weakened in engine ability control than the grown-up cerebrum. That is, the youthful cerebrum keeps up a more elevated amount of adjust, response time, and deftness while under an indistinguishable level of weakness from a grown-up mind. Since it is unscrupulous to supply liquor to those beneath the savoring age a lab setting, specialists are compelled to utilize rats for exploratory trials. Any use of these discoveries to people is fundamentally to some degree theoretical. Concerning long haul impacts, exploratory rodent lab confirm demonstrates that rehashed introduction to liquor amid youthfulness prompts to enduring shortfalls in psychological capacities, including learning and memory. Comes about because of human reviews are less evident. Cerebrum outputs and estimations of liquor influenced regions of the mind in youthful young people with liquor mishandle scatters indicate bring down rates of mind action amid memory errands and less created mind structures than in non-drinking peers. In spite of the fact that the outcomes are disturbing, they are steady with discoveries from more established, non-juvenile subjects. Subsequently, the intellectual deficiencies credited to liquor use in teenagers are demonstrative not of liquors extraordinary impact amid young people, but rather of the outcomes of overwhelming liquor utilize all the more by and large. Many reviews affirm that since the drinking age was institutionalized at 21 in 1984, the general number of liquor related fatalities for those matured 18-20 has diminished. In any case, this example of decay started in the mid 1970s, years before section of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. In spite of the fact that associations like MADD case the 21 year-old drinking age has spared more than 21,000 lives since the mid-1980s, its is difficult to attest a circumstances and end results relationship between the adjustment in the law and the decrease in liquor related movement fatalities; numerous different elements, for example, more secure vehicles and more stringent tipsy driving laws have assumed an unquestionably imperative part (see beneath). A few researchers have additionally introduced the imperative contention that while passings out and about may have declined pointedly among 18-20 year-olds in the years taking after establishment of the 21 year-old drinking age, the slowest rate of decay and most prominent number of yearly fatalities is seen every year in the 21-24 age amass. In 2002, for instance, twice the same number of 21 year-olds kicked the bucket in liquor related car collisions as 18 year-olds. Such a stunning measurement says a lot: an arrangement that cases to spare a large number of every year may essentially be re-appropriating passings over the life cycle to the time when it gets to be distinctly lawful to drink liquor-age 21. Amid the 1990s, authoritative changes, expanded law requirement, harder indictment and discipline, exceedingly obvious promotion, and state funded training were all parts of the war on intoxicated driving. Other administrative changes, for example, compulsory safety belt laws, bring down BAC limits, and stricter principles on vehicle security benchmarks can likewise be credited. The decrease in liquor related fatalities found in the United States in the course of the last over two decades is inferable from a blend of components, including yet not restricted to more secure vehicles, expanded open consciousness of the threat of smashed driving, utilization of assigned drivers-a term that did not exist in the before the drinking age was raised-balance checkpoints, zero-resistance laws for youthful drivers, and by and large more stringent implementation of liquor disabled driving laws have prompted to the lessening found in rates of inebriated driving and related passings. Truth be told, a considerable lot of these changes can be followed to the 39 suggestions introduced by the Presidential Commission Against Drunk Driving in 1982. As indicated by an investigation by NHTSA, seat straps and air sacks have had an immeasurably more prominent impact in counteracting fatalities than the 21 year-old drinking age; for instance, in 2002 and 2003 alone, more lives out an d about were spared by the utilization of seat straps and airbags than there were in the whole history of the 21 year-old drinking age. Mediations in the course of recent years have succeeded not just in decreasing the frequency of disabled driving and the accidents and fatalities that can come about because of it, additionally in changing the standards identified with driving in the wake of drinking. Tipsy driving is no longer for the most part acknowledged in the public arena, offering ascend to assigned drivers and less plastered drivers on todays streets[9].

Environmental scanning Essay

International Players Cement and Lafarge Birla Cement, the Indian cement industry is broadly home-grown. Ultratech Cement, the country’s largest firm in terms of cement capacity, holds around 22% of the domestic market, with ACC (50%-owned by Holcim) and Ambuja (50%-owned by Holcim) having 15% and 13% shares respectively. †¢Many of the remaining dozen top players are Indian and are (in order of diminishing market share); Jaiprakash Associates (10%), The India Cements Ltd (7%), Shree Cements (6%), Century Textiles and Industries (5%), Madras Cements (5%), Lafarge (5%), Birla Cement (4%) and Binani Cement (4%). †¢ Between them the top 12 cement firms have around 70% of the domestic market. Around 100 smaller players produce and grind cement on a wide range of scales but are often confined to small areas Economic Environment’s Impact  on Cement Industry †¢ Currently, the industry is on the boom, with a lot of government infrastructure and housing projects under construction. In spite of seeing a fall during 2008-09, the export segment of the industry is expected to grow again on account of various infrastructure projects that are being taken up all over the world and numerous outstanding cement plants coming up in near future in the country. †¢ Over time more sophisticated and refined methodologies in connection with longer time series were employed to study productivity change. The contribution of total factor productivity to output  growth was of primary interest to explain the continuously low economic development. †¢ During that time, labor productivity as well as capital availability and use increased considerably, while the overall growth rate of the economy stagnated at low levels †¢ Concerned about the efficiency of resource use researchers started investigating productivity growth and input factor substitutions for aggregate manufacturing as well as various industries Ambuja Cement’s ECONOMIC CONDITION †¢ Its financial statements i.e balance sheet and profit and loss, profits are increasing every year and its share price is also high as compared to other cement industries and its assets are also  increased. It means that its financial position is very strong as compared to others. †¢ From here we can analyse that its profits are increasing year by year and it means that they are providing more to GPI,with this our NPI will also be increase and overall position of country will be better. †¢ From here we can analyse that if industry position is strong then our country’s position will also be strong. †¢ It means it is beneficial for the people and country. Social Environment’s impact  on industry †¢ Usually, the cement industry in India consists of both the organized sector and the unorganized sector. †¢ Organized sector comprises of the well-known cement manufacturing companies while the main players of the unorganized sector are the regional and local cement-producing units in various states across the state. †¢ Indian consumers prefer buying branded cement like ULTRATECH, JAYPEE CEMENT, LAFARGE CEMENT etc. †¢ It has been seen in the past, as well, that mini cement plants with low  brand value and image are not able to survive against the cement giants. †¢ With a population of more than 100 billion people, it is expected that cement industry will create another 25 lakhs jobs in the next 4-5 years. Ambuja Cements’ Social Impact †¢ This particular company is totally different from. On this case they really helped by doing lot of social work like they putt off various health centres for the poor people and provide Monetary help also to some reason. †¢ They also helped by providing education facilities to poor people like books etc. †¢ Not only this they are also providing good quality products that doesn’t harm any kind of injuries to the people while they are using it. †¢ The Company strives to provide a safe and healthy work environment for its employees and to avoid adverse impact and injury to the environment and communities in which the company conducts its business. The commitment is reflected in the number of awards the Company has received including National Award for outstanding pollution control. †¢ The awareness and training programme on health and safety related issues should be conducted regularly. All the employees, and directors shall comply with all applicable laws and regulations relating to health and safety so as to ensure healthy and safe work environment. Using or being under the influence of illegal drugs and alcohol on the job is absolutely prohibited. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE INDUSTRY †¢ The price of cement is primarily controlled by the coal rates, power tariffs, railway tariffs, freight, royalty and cess on limestone. Interestingly, government controls all of these prices. †¢ Government is also one of the biggest consumers of the cement in the country. †¢ Govt. of India plans to increase its investment in infrastructure to US $ 1 trillion in the TwelfthFive Year Plan (2012-17) will lead to increase in the demand of cement. †¢ Infrastructure projects such as the dedicated freight corridors, upgraded new airports and ports are expected to enhance the scale of  economic activity, leading to a substantial increase in cement demand furthermore. †¢ Most state governments, in order to attract investments in their respective states, offer Fiscal incentives in the form of sales tax exemptions/deferrals. States like Haryana offer a freeze on power tariff for 5 years, while Gujarat offers exemption from electric duty. †¢ Strict law & order conditions and political will of the leader of any state enhance theconfidence of people living in the states as well as corporate to invest in that particular state. †¢ The total Government levies and taxes , which include Royalty on Limestone, Royalty on Coal,Electricity Duty, VAT/Sales Tax etc.,on cement constitute about 60% or more of the exfactoryprice of cement. Political Environment for Ambuja Cements Its political environmental is totally different from others because they never put any kind of political pressure on any other whether it is against or in favor for them. They always try to follow the proper rules and regulations that are made by the central government. †¢ But still they have to change their strategies as per change in the political environment. †¢ This policy applies solely to the Company and is not intended to discourage or prevent individual Director or Employee from making political contributions or engaging in political activities on their own behalf. †¢ No personal political contribution is reimbursed by the Company. No personal political activities should interfere with duties to be discharged with the Company in line with this Code of Conduct. LEGAL ENVIRONMENT †¢ Ambuja cements is most recognized unit in India and they always they are following proper rules and regulations that are made by central government and also follows that are mentioned in the Company’s ACT 1947 regarding Safety, Health and Social needs. †¢ They should Endeavour to keep abreast of the developments in laws and regulations and comply with the same. If any one gets to know of any non compliance of any of the laws in his or her colleagues area of operation in the company the same is brought to his/her immediate notice as well to the notice of his/her Head of the Department. †¢ All Directors and Employees of the Company conduct business affairs with honesty and integrity and in full compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations and shall not commit any illegal or unethical act or instruct others to do so, for any reason. Technological Factors affecting the Cement Industry †¢ From mining to production the entire process depends on technology. †¢ The Government of India plans to study and possibly acquire new technologies from the cement industry of Japan. †¢ The government is discussing technology transfer in the field of energy conservation and environment protection to help improve efficiency of the Indian cement industry. †¢ At present 93% of the total capacity in the industry is based on modern and environment-friendly dry process technology. †¢ There is tremendous scope for waste heat recovery in cement plants and thereby reduction in emission level. †¢ One project for co-generation of power utilizing waste heat in an Indian cement plant is being implemented with Japanese assistance under Green Aid Plan. †¢ The induction of advanced technology has helped the industry immensely to conserve energy and fuel and to save materials substantially. †¢ Also, some cement plants have set up dedicated jetties for promoting bulk transportation and export. Technological environment for Ambuja Cements Ltd. †¢ It is one of the most important factor as compared to  others. In this particular we are going to discuss that  what type of technology they are using and how much  beneficial for them as well as for the people who are  using this particular product. †¢ Ambuja cements industry is having good quality  machines to make their products and also they are using  latest technology machines. And their technology is very  effective that is implemented and they also implanted  modern technology like Inventory Control system etc INTERNATIONAL Factors affecting Cement  Industry †¢ With the rapid growth rate of the Indian economy after the 1990s, the infrastructural developments within the country has been tremendous. †¢ The increase in the construction activities has led to the increase in the demand for updated quality building materials and other allied products. †¢ Cement being one of the major elements in the construction work, there is a growth in the cement industry in India. The consumption of cement has increased in India by nearly 7.5%. †¢ With the globalization of Indian cement industry many foreign cement manufacturers are engaging themselves in agreements and deals with their India counter parts to have a share of the growth. †¢ Large cement players in India will use the acquisition route to enhance capacity and market share. It is clear that smaller plants will not survive in the long term. The top five players will hold 70-80 % of capacities and market in the next decade. †¢ There is an expectation that more global players would come into India as they would like to get a foothold in the market as the demand will propel in the emerging economies. †¢ Acquisition appears a good route primarily because a Greenfield cement plant takes 3-4 years to build and another 3-4 years to break even at an operating level of even 70-75 %. E.g.:- The acquisition of the Larsen & Toubro cement (ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED) business by Grasim Industries Limited in 2003-04 is a case in point.

Journeys- Robert Frost

â€Å"It's the journey not the arrival that matters† as journeys are often a metaphor for that which transcends the physical realms of one's travels. It is the medium for arrival that allows for the opportunity for self-discovery. The complexities of life as revealed throughout Robert Frost's poetry, use ordinary, physical journeys in nature to demonstrate how journeys often reach beyond the physical sense in which they are composed. Similarly, the novel Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher and the short film, â€Å"Harvie Krumpet,† present the plight of ordinary people and the life changing possibilities of journeys.An equally prominent theme is the occurrence of the need for changing paths as obstacles arise and the effect such change has upon the arrival. These texts demonstrate how the intended destination is often not the final destination. The composers, through the use of a variety of literary and filmic techniques show these similar themes throughout the texts. Con sequently, the composers are able to present their understanding of the concept of journeys Frost's poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† is an extended metaphor for lost possibilities or missed opportunities.The persona reflects upon the impacts of a decision and, perchance, what may have been. This is evident in, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh/ Somewhere ages and ages hence. † Thus, the responder can conceive the persona is dubious as to whether the right decision has been made. Furthermore, the text contains repetition of the image of two roads diverging. This symbolises the arising of pivotal moments where decision are required. This aids the responder to connect with the persona as in every part of life decisions are required and choices are often difficult to arrive at.Frost also conveys the idea that journeys have a tendency to flow smoothly whether the outcomes are positive or negative. This is portrayed through the consistent rhyme scheme throughout the stanzas. The flowing rhyme scheme enables the reader to become immersed within, and to concentrate heavily upon, the hidden meanings within the text. Balanced against this is Asher’s novel, Thirteen Reasons Why, which portrays the notion that journeys are impacted upon by the decisions that individuals make, altering the course rather than sailing smoothly along the original path.Asher suggests that the final destination constantly changes as obstacles arise and are overcome, consequently allowing for self-discovery along the path. Asher demonstrates how journeys are not a solo venture. Often journeys commence within an individual but are impacted upon by the actions of others. For instance, Hannah Baker commits suicide after constant mistreatment by her peers. Her journey commenced trying to find a sense of belonging. Unfortunately, this didn’t occur and dire consequences were to be the result.This is evident in the use of ellipses to represent hesitation, reflection and the severity of consequence when Hannah states, â€Å"Do not take me for granted†¦ again,† and, †A lot of you cared, just not enough. And that†¦ that is what I needed to find out. † As a result, the responder can connect with Hannah through empathy and the understanding that self-discovery relies heavily upon the journey and the events throughout rather than arriving at the destination. Similarly, the short film, â€Å"Harvie Krumpet,† exhibits the similar theme that obstacles will be required to be overcome.Harvie’s journey is one of self-discovery that transcends the physical realms of the loss of his parents, his migration and the development of Alzheimer’s. On the contrary to Thirteen Reasons Why, Harvie retains a positive outlook on life and this enables him to constantly strive for success. Every person is unique, thus, people undertake their own unique journeys. The responder is immediately informed Harvie is unique throug h the use of subtitles at the commencement of the film. â€Å"Some are born great, some have greatness thrust upon them – others are just different. †Harvie’s life experiences are juxtaposed with his near always-cheerful attitude. Harvie must adapt to a foreign lifestyle after migrating to Australia yet his spirit never dies. This forces the responder into self-reflection, considering things transcending the physical realms and discovering the inner strength to continue the journey. However, Harvie’s unfortunate circumstance isn’t permanent unlike the impermanency of nature as revealed in Frost’s poem, â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay. † Frost uses this text to demonstrate that nature’s beauty can never remain when, â€Å"Nature’s first green is gold/ Her hardest hue to hold. The effect of this couplet is to inform the responder that often what is desired can’t last. Contained within the third couplet is an allusion t o the Bible and the Garden of Eden, â€Å"Then leaf subsides to leaf/ So, Eden sank to grief. † This demonstrates how the perfection the Garden of Eden was impermanent and shows the responder that change is inescapable. The extremely simple diction of monosyllabic words throughout the entire eight-line poem helps the text to flow smoothly in the same way as â€Å"The Road Not Taken. †Frost also uses â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay,† to reveal how innocence changes as self-discovery occurs. Self-discovery transforms the individual and Frost uses the symbolism of a flower to demonstrate the changes occurring during life. â€Å"Her early leaf’s a flower/ But only so an hour. † Ultimately, all the composers demonstrate complimentary themes that demonstrate how it is the journey not the arrival that matters. Journeys are the medium that allows for the transcendence of physical realms and the development as an individual in the process.

The Pursuit Of Personal Fulfillment - 965 Words

Irene and Brian: The pursuit of personal fulfillment in Passing In the novel Passing, Nella Larsen explores the intricacies of the social and ethical pressures mounted on the middle class bourgeoisie black community. The middle class black, as they aspired to embody the stereotypical image of middle class which boader on white values, represses their individuality and â€Å"blackness†. Some of the mixed race, African Americans who were pale enough to pass for white, take that opportunity to marry white men and escape the burden of racism and segregation and also escape the poverty line. This is the case of one of the novel’s protagonist Clare. However, some of these mixed race African Americans took pride in staying â€Å"true† to their race and kind, but ironically gives in to the pressure by â€Å"passing† when it is beneficial to them. Irene and Brian Redfield are the Gold standard of the middle class bourgeoisie family. Brian, a doctor and Irene the accessory, wife and perfect hostess, both struggle in their lovel ess marriage as they try to balance their need for self fulfillment with the pressures of appealing to their social class. As they acknowledge, confront and pursue their search for personal fulfillment, it becomes imperative that they repress their sexual and racial proclivities being that they are black. More so, their sense of personal fulfillment is inevitably tied to the fulfillment of the demands of their social class which deceptively boaders on white values ofShow MoreRelatedAchieving Highest Levels Of Success1724 Words   |  7 Pageswho cannot afford it. So, society pushes for education to benefit the economy and a content society. What it fails to do, is pay attention to the other part of us that plays a role in this as well, our personal and emotional happiness. In America, everyone is always searching for the eternal pursuit of happiness. 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Advantages Of Owning Your Own Business - 1397 Words

There are so many advantages of owning your own business. You can become whomever you desire. There is a wide variety of opportunities to having your personal business. You can do so many things! One of my head goals in life is to own my personal dance studio. I chose this business area because working by myself will allow me to reach out to other children in a way that cannot be expressed through by working with other companies. One of the main key areas of building your personal business is knowing the structure of the site. When you’re in this process, it is important to know the companies you hire to manage the exact way you want your business building to look like. You should always have a blueprint of the shapes and forms you want†¦show more content†¦In this process, you should get a â€Å"tax identification† number, this is for the use of knowing the location of your business. The state holds all tax identification numbers. Before building, you will need to make a blueprint/model of the and building structure you would like to take charge of. In this process, you will need to be sure you have a backup plan if anything may go wrong. You should always have assistance near by. Find out how many acres you would like to have your business built upon. Once you have made that choice you should determine the location on which your property will stand. Be sure to have your location on fertile grounds.There are many calibers to owning your personal business. One very important caliber is that you are choosing your own destiny, you are making your dreams come true. When you own your business, you have the responsibility of maintaining your work schedule. You wouldn t have to worry about family events because you are simply in charge of producing your schedule. You can balance your life so you won’t have as much stress on you as you would if you worked in a different company. A good quality of owning your personal business is that, you get to choose whom you will work with. Some people don’t always get along with their coworkers, but when you own your personal business, you have the opportunity of choosing the people you’d like to work with. You take on the risk and you acquire the rewards. You will be able to get things

Analysis Of Tyco International Ltd. - 1204 Words

Tyco International Ltd. is a security systems company incorporated in Ireland, with United States operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey (Tyco International (US) Inc.). Tyco International is composed of two major business segments, Security Solutions and Fire Protection Prior to July 1992, their net profit was $95 million, the return on sales was 3.1%, and the stock price was $4.30. In July 1992, Dennis Kozlowski was appointed CEO of Operations. Kozlowski knew Tyco from the bottom up, and stated that he was determined to make it the greatest company of the next century. Because of Kozlowski’s success the board rewarded Kozlowski’s performance by increasing his salary to $2.1 million and giving him shares of the company’s†¦show more content†¦Also in 2002, the New York State Bank Department observed large sums of money moving in and out of Tyco’s accounts. What made this finding unusual was that the funds were transferred into Kozlowski’s personal accounts. Kozlowski was caught in the act and was facing jail time and having to pay over $100 million in restitutions and back taxes. Learning that he was about to be indicted for tax evasion, Kozlowski resigned as CEO on June 2, 2002. On June 3, he was arrested, but the scandal had barely begun. In September of that year, Dennis Kozlowski and Mark Swartz, who also had resigned, were indicted on thirty-eight felony counts for allegedly stealing $170 million from Tyco and fraudulently selling an additional $430 million in stock options. Among other allegations, Kozlowski was accused of taking $242 million from a program intended to help Tyco employees buy company stock. Kozlowski was found guilty on twenty-two of twenty-three counts of grand larceny, conspiracy, and falsifying business records, as well as violating business law. The judge ordered both men to pay $134 million to Tyco. Kozlowski was also ordered to pay a $70 million fine. Kozlowski s jail time was about seven years in a state facility. This situation was harmful to the company, to the government, and to the integrity of the ex-CEO and ex-CFO. It damaged the company s reputation, resulting in a negative impact on its stock price, performance, and other executives

Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns

Question: Discuss about the Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns. Answer: Introduction: There are many effective tools which are often used by individuals for self-assessment in the field of effective communication. In order to estimate how I am fairing on my communication ability among my friends, acquaintances, team members, colleagues, social circle, communities, I can use 5 of the most renowned tools to assess my position among them in terms of communicative ability. One of the tools that I can utilise in the Johari Window which was developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in the year 1955. This tool usually consists of a four-quadrant diagram. The first quadrant helps in representing things which is known by me and also those things which are known by others about me. This area is called the open area. The second area consists of things which are not known by me but others are well aware of them. This area is called the blind area. The third quadrant consists of things about me that I know myself but are not known by others. This is called the hidden area. The fourth quadrant is the things about me that neither I nor others know about me (Watson Hill, 2015). The main reason of using this tool is to identify ones own position in the skills of effective communication and thereby enhance the open area of the quadrants. The better the open are, better will be my position in communicative ability (Bahadori, Shiri Mahdizade, 2015). The best ideas t o recognise myself is to use the model based on two important ideas. One needs to develop a trustworthy relationship with others by disclosing information regarding him. The second is to welcoming feedback from others to meet my shortcomings and helping in developing my loopholes for effective relationship building (Saxena, 2015). Communication questionnaire: Communication questionnaire is mainly proposed with the purpose of realising personal shortcomings while measuring the efficacy of communication with others in different areas of lives. This questionnaire contains 14 important attributes of effective communication. 5 important levels are mentioned in order to act as a marking criteria in each of the attributes. The five important levels used to answer each of the attribute is 5=Strongly Agree, 4=Agree 3=Neutral, 2=Disagree, 1=Strongly Disagree (Austin Pinkleton, 2015). The fourteen important attributes are articulate (Communicating effectively with others), listening, verbal and nonverbal mismatch signals, clear, two-way communication (encouragement of feedback and questioning to ensure mutual understanding). Other attributes include openness, concise, body language, tone, safe/open (Communication is kept confidential) paraphrasing, follow up and intuitive (Gungor et al., 2013). At first the individual needs to feel it up for himsel f. Then it should be filled up with 5 to 6 other acquaintances to observe owns and theirss perception. From analysing the score provided by the questionnaire and individually looking at the score of attributes, I realised that I scored satisfactorily well except in the two-way communication option and in the listening option. According to the questionnaire I came to the conclusion that my feedback and questioning ability is not up to the mark. My listening activity is also criticised to be poor. Assertive questionnaire: This questionnaire helps to answer a number of different life situation questions which need to answered in rather true or rather false and then a graph can be drawn showing inclination towards four important options like passive attitude(Flight), aggressive attitude (Attack), Manipulation and Harmonious assertiveness ("assertive questionnaire" 2017). A number of answers of the different questions helped me to realise that my main issue was that I avoided providing feedback to people and also avoided welcoming any feedback from the opposite person. This also made me realise that this attitude is often linked by others as an escapist attitude from different issues. As I participated less in group discussions and often responded before the completion of the opposite persons expression, this also helped me to know that I am an impatient listener. Communication Satisfaction questionnaire: This model was developed by Downs and Hazen in the year 1977 which mainly acts as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of communication ability in job sectors. Employees are asked their job satisfaction level through various attributes of communication. Three tables are provided where the team members are provided the opportunity to rank their communication satisfaction items within a range of 0 to 10 with 0 being the lowest and 10 being the highest.. Table 2 provides information on factors that influence their level of job performance and table 3 shows demographics of the sample (Prat et al., 2014). From the results obtained, I was able to understand my loopholes in my communication abilities with my team members and juniors. It was clearly visible that my team members and juniors were dissatisfied by my feedback producing capability and also held my introverts the main reason of their inefficient relationship building and low performance. They believed that my proper feedbacks would have helped them to succeed better. Moreover, it was clearly evident from their replies that my listening ability was not up to the mark and they believed that therefore they usually prevented themselves from providing me with their feedbacks where they thought a different plan would be more successful. I realised all these affected my organisations goals and objectives. Interpersonal communication inventory: This tool was effectively used to measure the results of interpersonal communication ability which are based on five important characteristics. These are self-concept, ability to be a good listener, skill of expressing owns thoughts and feelings, being able to cope up with emotions, and willingness to disclose one to others (deVies et al., 2013). It helps to reply to 40 important questions to be answered in yes, no or sometimes which gives one an idea about the strengths and weaknesses of owns communication ability. After conducting this, I clearly understood that I have serious problems in opening up in front of colleagues and other to provide them feedback which is taken otherwise by the others as non cooperative, lack of interests in participation and others. My listening ability is also poor as I tend to interrupt more. The ability to receive feedback is also interrupted by my impatient listening skills. Some also tend to avoid feedback to me because of my introvert nature and lack of communication skills. My problems identified: While evaluating myself with the technique, I realised that I am extremely week in my feedback accepting and feedback providing capability. While providing feedback, I fear that my suggestions would not be taken on a good note resulting in animosity. This attitude makes others apprehensive while providing me feedback for they think that since I do not give them feedback, I might not also welcome their feedback. This often creates a sense of discomfort while I try to communicate with my team members. I also tend to be impatient during hearing from a colleague that effect our relationship. My experiences: There had been two instances in my workplace where I experienced circumstances that were not in my favour. In the first interaction, I was holding a team meeting, setting each and every of my team members tasks for the coming week. The project was new and therefore I had to assign them with new tasks. I assigned task for everyone. Two of my juniors stood up and wanted to say me about their perspective but I cut them out thinking that they were only trying to escape their role from the project Later it came to my notice that they were not being able to perform the task as their skills were not matching with the new task. Therefore, the productivity was quite low for that week. Later I felt embarrassed in front of them as they tried to provide their feedback but my impatient listening skills failed me. While the board meetings were conducted, the presentation given by my associated partner was not been able to bring the company enough profit. However, I stopped myself from providing feedback on this even when I was offered to. Mainly my introvert nature and my fears of letting down by colleague prevented me. I would try to develop my communication in the field of proper listening ability and providing correct feedback at the correct time to make my career successful one at the same time of making the organisation achieve its mission and reach the zenith. Literature review: Communication is a very vital activity that is very much important in the effective management of the team. It acts as a powerful weapon for establishing a trustworthy relationship that creates a bond among the team members. It has been cited by different by different authors that better the communication power of the leaders in the organisation, better is the performance observed in the associated team members who shows the best productivity (Erozkan, 2013). While maintain a team effective listening of the team members and also providing them with the correct feedback is indeed very necessary for deriving the best quality work (Brownell, 2015). The employees should be able to express themselves clearly. This helps them to feel accepted in the organisation. This feeling in turn helps them to dedicate their precious time for the organisation as they feel socially and professionally included. The leaders and the seniors should develop the skill of effective listening as their attribute (Hodge, 2016). They should also prepare themselves in order to deliver their best guidance to their staffs. Hibbert (2013) has mentioned that the feedback provided by the leaders to their team members have many significant purposes. She has categorised feedback in terms of positive and negative feedbacks. She has examined and clearly stated that in several cases, providing positive feedback to the well performing employees help to increase their confidence. However, the process to deliver effective feedback is also explained by her to be extremely important. She has provided an example to show how the throw of the words in the feedback can alter the feelings of the employee either towards betterment or towards failure. When an employee has performed better in a particular month after struggling a lot in that month, the leader should provide a feedback as It was indeed very challenging for you to achieve the target, however you won in the task. This type of feedbacks develops positive vibe in the individual. However, she has also provided another feedback which provided a mixed feeling to t he employee thereby affecting his emotional stability. This includes thats pretty good, FOR YOU, well done. This is obviously being termed as a positive feedback but this feedback was seen to create a mixed emotion in the employee. When she investigated, she found that the employee was first filled with pride but later experienced deflation, resentment and ultimately a lack of respect for the bus. The leaders casual feedback delivery clearly put focus on the employees poor performance, and also showed the leaders low expectation from him. Therefore, getting over with introvert attitude with presence of confidence and self-expression, to provide feedback is not only the main criteria (Thurlings et al., 2013). Providing the correct feedback in the correct tone is also found to be important for achieving the best goals. Otherwise an altogether negative effect may take place that might have a very harmful impact on the team performance. Again, when a serious issue has raised due to discrepancy, an ineffective work or lack of skilled exhibition of work, the junior or even the colleagues should be guided by a negative feedback. However while providing negative feedback, the individual should have to be cautious enough or otherwise it may lead to disastrous effect in the workplace. While providing negative feedback to juniors, seniors or even colleagues, the feedback should be constructive enough so that they are taken in good spirits by the individuals (Omer Abdularhmin, 2017). By this way one can not only solve the issues but he can also help in the contribution to the organisation and help in development of the individuals skill and behaviour. Researchers have also provided many instances to show that communication skill of the managers and the leaders act as effective measure to determine how the p[roper litening to employees and employers and gaining or giving feedback would have to be done and the degree to which the feedback provided would be successful to the employees. It has been already established that how effective feedback in communication plays a major role in establishing the performance of the employee, in building trust, bond, and a collaborative environment for effective teamwork (Cornelissen, 2014). However, it should always be remembered by each and every individual that effective feedback during communication should never be considered as option rather needs to be considered as constancy in the work place. The skill to develop the habit of feedback in a polished way is very important to make the opposite person understand ones own hold on the subject. Before providing a feedback, the individual must firs t learn to listen a particular matter or complain of nay member entirely (McCroskey, 2015). He should then compartmentalise the information achieved in segment that would help in evaluating the factors and the result of the concerns. He should then strategise his feedback statements in a constructive way before spilling it out (Wooten Ulrich, 2016). It should always be remembered that a person who stands still and fail to acknowledge, he is still communicating where he is portraying his feelings of non participation or no involvement in a discussed issue or accepting things which are said even though the inner feelings are otherwise (Morecroft, 2015). Absence of feedback thereby makes a positive difference in an effective way. Some of the barriers identified by the researchers are fear of upsetting the learner, fear of damaging the learner-mentor relationship, fear of performing more harm than good, resistance or defensiveness from the learner, lack of respect for the source of fee dback, inconsistency and others (Shantz et al., 2013). All of them should be strategically overcome to reach the fixed goals. Action plan: From the above reflection as well as from the literature review one can easily come to an idea about the action plan that has to be developed. My main areas of weakness is my habit of impatient listening and my inability to provide correct feedback or accepting feedback from my fellow colleagues and team mates (Brock et al. 2017) as researches suggest this will help me in preparing myself as an effective leader in an organisation. SMART For effective listening For feedback gain and giving Specific I plan to engage myself in community speaking classes in order to develop my patience for active listening allowing the opposite person to complete the statements I should also go through several journal articles for evidence based intervention to develop effective feedback giving behaviour, moreover various models of communication that has been proposed over the century will give me a detailed idea to practise them in my workplace. I will engage myself in several weekend workshops that mentor in effective communication strategy Measurable Patiently hearing until the end of the opposite persons statement and effective communication with a positive result will measure the success rate Proper gaining and providing feedback can be assesses by my mentor and also by my successful and effective communication with my class mates Achievable It can be achievable by will and zeal to develop my communication skill It can be achieved by enthusiasm and dedication Relevant These would help me to enhance my listening skills helping to succeed in workplace. These would help to develop my feedback gaining and providing ability Timely This would continue for about 8 months from now on I would keep three months to go through them for studying journals Workshops will require one year Reference: assertive questionnaire. (2017). www.hr4free.com. Retrieved 24 January 2017, from https://www.hr4free.com/PDF_Files/Blog_EN_Management_assertiveness_assessment_questionnaire.pdf Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E. (2015).Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Bahadori, M., Shiri, A., Mahdizade, H. (2015). Ranking Feedback and Disclosure Mechanisms based on Johari Window Model in order to Enhance Organizational Communications. Brock, S. E., McAliney, P., Ma, C. H., Sen, A. (2017). TOWARD MORE PRACTICAL MEASUREMENT OF TEAMWORK SKILLS.Journal of Workplace Learning,29(2). Brownell, J. (2015).Listening: Attitudes, principles, and skills. Routledge. Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. de Vries, R. E., Bakker-Pieper, A., Konings, F. E., Schouten, B. (2013). The Communication Styles Inventory (CSI) A Six-Dimensional Behavioral Model of Communication Styles and Its Relation With Personality.Communication Research,40(4), 506-532. Erozkan, A. (2013). The Effect of Communication Skills and Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills on Social Self-Efficacy.Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice,13(2), 739-745. Gungor, V. C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., Hancke, G. P. (2013). A survey on smart grid potential applications and communication requirements.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,9(1), 28-42. Hibbert, S. (2013). Giving effective employee feedback.In Practice,35(3), 149-151. Hodge, M. (2016, January). The Feedback Gap: Understanding Perceptual Congruence Between Supervisors Their Employees. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 11081). Academy of Management. McCroskey, J. C. (2015).Introduction to rhetorical communication. Routledge. Morecroft, J. D. (2015).Strategic modelling and business dynamics: a feedback systems approach. John Wiley Sons. Omer, A. A. A., Abdularhim, M. E. (2017). The criteria of constructive feedback: The feedback that counts.Journal of Health Specialties,5(1), 45. Prat, G., Casas-Anguera, E., Garcia-Franco, M., Escandell, M. J., Martin, J. R., Vilamala, S., ... Ochoa, S. (2014). Validation of the Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSQ) in people with schizophrenia.Psychiatry research,220(1), 646-653. Saxena, P. (2015). JOHARI WINDOW: An Effective Model for Improving Interpersonal Communication and Managerial Effectiveness.SIT Journal of Management,5(2), 134-146. Shantz, A., Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E. (2013). The role of employee engagement in the relationship between job design and task performance, citizenship and deviant behaviours.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(13), 2608-2627. Thurlings, M., Vermeulen, M., Bastiaens, T., Stijnen, S. (2013). Understanding feedback: A learning theory perspective.Educational Research Review,9, 1-15. Watson, J., Hill, A. (2015).Dictionary of media and communication studies. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Wooten, J. O., Ulrich, K. T. (2016). Idea generation and the role of feedback: Evidence from field experiments with innovation tournaments.Production and Operations Management.